Healthcare: deep learning is improving medical diagnosisĪrtificial intelligence (AI) – and more specifically deep learning (DL) models – are revolutionising the world of medical imaging, which plays a crucial role in medical diagnosis. This is being worked on by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States of America), who launched a global call for proposals in 2017 to develop, standardise and deploy new post-quantum cryptosystems. The advent of this technology therefore imposes the replacement of current encryption methods by alternative “post-quantum” systems, capable of resisting the threats of a quantum computer and based on new mathematical problems. Yet, these problems could easily be solved with a sufficiently powerful quantum computer.

These systems are implemented by asymmetrical cryptographic algorithms, such as RSA encryption or Diffie-Hellman key exchange, which are based on the computational hardness assumption, that is the hardness for traditional computers to solve certain mathematical problems. Today, almost all digital communications are protected by three cryptosystems: public key encryption, digital signature, and key exchange. The building of a quantum computer – that could happen in the next twenty years – represents a threat to cybersecurity. Since then, dozens of experiments of this kind have emerged everywhere.Ĭybersecurity: towards post-quantum encryption This microgrid, built from the Ethereum platform, enables the tenants of a handful of buildings equipped with solar panels to track their production and exchange surplus electricity among themselves. In 2016 in New York, consulting firm Lo3 Energy and startup ConsenSys inaugurated the Brooklyn Microgrid, a decentralised community electricity system project in the Park Slope and Gowanus neighbourhoods. These small-sized networks enable energy production, consumption and sharing among neighbours and can run autonomously without being connected to the distribution network. These elements make blockchain particularly well-adapted to the creation of decentralised systems, such as microgrids. It also facilitates energy certification and auditing, as well as billing and paying prosumers thanks to the implementation of “smart contracts”. It can be used to track energy consumption in real time or to have knowledge of the asset portfolios of all participants. The features of blockchain could be a lever for modernising the energy system.īlockchain enables the distributed, secure, transparent recording and storage of energy and transaction flows. Energy: blockchain is speeding up microgrids Here follow five representative examples. These technologies, which are often interdependent, as progress of one can have repercussions on the others, are paving the way for numerous applications in a wide range of areas. The rapid development of a wide range of cutting-edge technologies is radically changing the world.

Leading edge or bleeding edge